Menentukan
letak bayangan pada cermin cekung serta bayangan cermin
cembung selalin bisa ditentukan dengan cara melukiskan bisa juga dengan
perhitungan menggunakan persamaan
matematika atau rumus. Jadi post kali ini dengan judul rumus cermin cekung dan cembung untuk melengkapi posting mengenai pemantulan cahaya pada cermin cekung.
Sifat-sifat
bayangan bisa ditentukan dari hasil melukiskan jalannya sinar sudah dibahas
pada post sebelumnya yaitu untuk cermin cekung melukis bayangan pada cermin cekung sedangkan untuk
cermin cembung pada post pemantulan sinar pada cermin cembung. Sifat bayangan yang terdiri dari diperbesar,
diperkecil, nyata, maya, tegak serta terbalik bisa dilihat dari hasil lukisan
tersebut maka kali ini bisa juga dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut.
Rumus perbesaran
Rumus jarak bayangan
Jarak fokus
Keterangan
P = perbesaran
bayangan,
h = tinggi benda,
h’ = tinggi bayangan
s = jarak benda
s’= jarak bayangan
f = jarak fokus
R = jari-jari kelengkungan
cermin
Perjanjian tanda
S bertanda positif (+) jika benda terletak di depan cermin(benda
nyata)
S bertanda negatif (-) jika benda terletak di belakang cermin (benda
maya)
S’ bertanda positif (+) jika bayangan terletak di depan
cermin(bayangan nyata)
S’ bertanda negatif (-) jika
bayangan terletak di belakang cermin (bayangan maya)
f dan R bertanda positif (+ ) jika pusat lengkung cermin
terletak di depan cermin (cermin cekung)
f dan R bertanda negatif (– ) ika pusat lengkung cermin
terletak di belakang cermin (cermin cembung)
P selalu bertanda positif
P<1 bayangan diperkecil
P=1 bayangan sama besar
P>1 bayangan diperbesar
Contoh soal:
Jarak fokus sebuah cermin
cekung adalah 10 cm. Tentukan letak bayangan, perbesaran dan sifat
bayangan. Untuk jarak benda (a) 20 cm,
(b) 8 cm
Penyelesaian
Diketahui f=10 cm,
(a). s = 20 cm
S’= 20 cm
Perbesaran
Jarak bayangan 20 cm,
perbesaran 1 kali atau bayangan sama besar dengan benda, bayangan nyata
(b) s = 8 cm
Perbesarannya
Jarak bayangan 40 cm di belakang
cermin , perbesaran 5 kali atau bayangan diperbesar, maya
Contoh soal di atas adalah pemakaian untuk pemantulan pada cermin cekung sedangkan untuk pemantulan pada cermin cembung f (fokus) bertanda negatif
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